Christian Angelology
In Christian belief, angelology is one of the ten branches of theology. According to Christian angelology, angels are divided into a hierarchy. St. Gregory the Great identifies nine orders, or classes, of angels in Christian angelology: Angels, Archangels, Virtues, Powers, Principalities, Dominations, Throne, Cherubim, and Seraphim.
Angelology holds that, just as there are beings that are purely material and beings that are both material and spiritual, there are beings that are purely spiritual. Angels are purely spiritual beings. According to Christian angelology, angels are made from fire and surrounded by light.
Angels figure in many important moments in the Bible. In the Old Testament, angels appear before the people of God in different forms, usually in human form. They are not always recognized as angels by the people before whom they appear.
According to Christian angelology, there are a great number of angels in the heavens.
While Christian angelology is based largely on the Bible, a number of Christian thinkers, including St. Gregory the Great, St. Denis, and St. Jerome, have contributed their own ideas to angelology.
The Archangels in Angelology
According to Christian angelology, three angels are named in the Bible: Raphael, Michael, and Gabriel. Raphael's name means "God has healed." He appears in the Book of Tobit, where he heals an old man and saves a young woman from the devil.
Michael is the angel of judgment. He is depicted in art as a warrior in full battle gear, with a helmet, sword, and shield. Often the shield is shown bearing the inscription "Quis ut Deus," or "Who is like God," which is what the name Michael means. Michael's tasks include battling Satan and bringing souls to judgment.
Gabriel is the angel of mercy. According to Christian angelology, it was Gabriel who told Zachariah about the coming birth of John the Baptist, who announced to the Virgin Mary that she would be the mother of God, and who told the shepherds in Bethlehem of the birth of Jesus Christ.
Not all Christian churches believe in the three archangels. Some churches acknowledge only Michael and Gabriel in their angelology.
Jewish Angelology
Jews have a slightly different view of angelology that nevertheless resembles Christian angelology in some respects. According to Jewish angelology, there are nine named angels: Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel, Raguel, Sariel, and Jerahmeel.
Early Jewish angelology believed that angels are beings created by God and that some angels have free will. This view of angelology is no longer universally held by Jews today. A branch of Jewish angelology holds that angels represent the different laws of nature and symbolize the omnipotence of God.
Islamic Angelology
Angelology is integral to Islamic belief. Muslims believe that the archangel Jibra'il (Gabriel) dictated the Q'uran to the Prophet Muhammad. Thus, according to Islamic angelology, angels take part in God's revelation to man. Islamic angelology holds that angels are beings made of light and do not have free will.
Unlike Christian angelology, Islamic angelology does not specify a hierarchy of angels, although it is thought that different angels have different assigned tasks. Islamic angelology does consider Archangels to be the highest order, or class, of angels.
Islamic angelology holds that there are four Archangels: Jibra'il (Gabriel), Azra'il (Azrael), Mika'il (Michael), and Israfil (Raphael). According to Islamic angelology, the Archangels have thousands of wings, while other angels have two, three, or four pairs of wings.
Other angels are named in Islamic angelology, including Malik, the angel of Hell; Ridwan, the angel of Heaven; Kiraamun kaatibeen, two angels who keep a record of a person's good and bad acts; and Munkar and Nakir, who ask a person in the grave about his good and bad acts.
Angelology and Art
Through the ages, angels have been depicted in countless paintings and sculptures, primarily in examples of Christian art. Angelology often shows angels as appearing in human form, although they have a heavenly glow.
A fascination with angels and an interest in angelology has endured through the ages. The great religions of the world all include concepts of angelology. Even to people who are not deeply religious, angelology is interesting because the idea of beings who are pure spirit is a wonderful thing. |